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Effects of implementation intentions on subthreshold binge eating.

Jorg Tanis1, Maartje S Vroling2,3, Carolien Martijn1

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

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|January 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Implementation intentions significantly reduced binge eating in students for six months. Both behavior-focused and emotion-focused plans were equally effective in preventing unwanted eating behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) involve binge eating, often linked to negative affect and deviations from healthy eating goals.
  • Implementation intentions ('if-then' plans) offer a strategy to maintain goal pursuit and prevent unwanted behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of implementation intentions in reducing binge eating in a student sample with subthreshold binge eating.
  • To compare the efficacy of behavior-focused versus emotion-focused implementation intentions.

Main Methods:

  • A student sample with subthreshold binge eating was assigned to either a behavior-focused implementation intention group, an emotion-focused implementation intention group, or a control group.
  • Participants received three intervention sessions and maintained food diaries for four weeks.
  • Assessments were conducted at post-test and at one, three, and six-month follow-ups.

Main Results:

  • Both implementation intention conditions demonstrated significant and large reductions in binge eating compared to the control group.
  • These reductions were sustained for six months post-intervention.
  • No significant difference was found between the effectiveness of behavior-focused and emotion-focused implementation intentions.

Conclusions:

  • Three sessions of implementation intentions effectively reduced subthreshold binge eating in students, with effects lasting up to six months.
  • Both targeted behavioral change and emotional regulation strategies proved equally effective, suggesting broader applicability beyond negative affect triggers.
  • Further research is recommended to explore the utility of implementation intentions in diagnosed cases of BED and BN.