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What is Monogastric Digestion?

What is Monogastric Digestion?

The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.

Protein Digestion

Protein Digestion

Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where the highly acidic environment can easily disrupt protein structure by exposing the peptide bonds of polypeptide chains. After polypeptide chains are broken into individual amino acids by a series of digestive enzymes, the amino acids are transported to the liver via the bloodstream to produce energy.

Lipid Digestion

Lipid Digestion

Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, extending from the mouth to the anus, plays a pivotal role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This process involves both mechanical and chemical actions facilitated by various enzymes.
Digestion begins in the mouth, where food undergoes mechanical breakdown by chewing and combines with saliva. Salivary amylase, an enzyme in saliva, starts the breakdown of starches into maltose. The food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
In the stomach, a...

Introduction to Carbohydrates

Introduction to Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the primary macronutrients in the human diet. However, carbohydrates are the most favored source of energy in the body. They can be found in a wide variety of foods, including whole grains, fruit, and vegetables, in various forms, such as sugars, starch, and dietary fiber. Based on their structure, carbohydrates are classified into three main classes— monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The body's cells can only utilize simple...

Carbohydrate Digestion

Carbohydrate Digestion

Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Quantifying Plant Soluble Protein and Digestible Carbohydrate Content, Using Corn Zea mays As an Exemplar

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Published on: August 6, 2018

Food Matrix and Macronutrient Digestion.

Edoardo Capuano¹, Anja E M Janssen²

¹Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;

Annual Review of Food Science and Technology

|January 4, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The food matrix impacts nutrient absorption during digestion. Understanding food structure and digestion mechanics can improve health and food design.

Keywords:

digestion food matrix food structure macronutrients modeling

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Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

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Area of Science:

Nutritional Science
Physiology
Food Science

Background:

Food digestion is a key link between diet and health.
The food matrix influences nutrient and bioactive compound absorption.
Macronutrient digestion is modulated by food structure and composition.

Purpose of the Study:

To review how food structure affects macronutrient digestion.
To explore in silico modeling of food digestion.
To link food matrix digestion to human health outcomes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of food structure and digestion.
Discussion of mechanical, chemical, and biochemical digestion processes.
Exploration of in silico modeling techniques.

Main Results:

Food matrix properties significantly alter nutrient availability.
Digestion kinetics are modulated by food composition and structure.
In silico models can predict the impact of the food matrix on digestion.

Conclusions:

Detailed knowledge of food digestion mechanisms is crucial.
Understanding food matrix digestion can elucidate food's health effects.
This knowledge aids in designing functional foods with enhanced properties.