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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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[Adverse Drug Effects - how to detect, how to avoid?]

Frieder Keller

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |January 4, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    All drug therapies carry risks, requiring patients to manage adverse events like hand-foot syndrome. Effective patient communication and regular medication review, including deprescribing, are crucial for safe treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Clinical Medicine
    • Patient Safety

    Background:

    • All medications carry inherent risks of toxicity and adverse events.
    • Patients may experience various side effects, ranging from mild to severe.
    • Proactive management strategies are essential for patient safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the unavoidable risks associated with drug therapy.
    • To emphasize the importance of patient tolerance and management of adverse events.
    • To advocate for informed patient communication and medication review processes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of common drug toxicities and idiosyncratic adverse events.
    • Discussion of screening protocols for severe adverse effects like hyperkalemia.

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  • Emphasis on patient education regarding sick-day rules, including medication adjustments.
  • Principles of regular prescription review and deprescribing.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients must be prepared to tolerate certain adverse events, such as hand-foot syndrome.
    • Screening for conditions like hyperkalemia is necessary after life-threatening adverse effects.
    • Informed patients can adhere to sick-day rules, e.g., temporarily stopping SGLT2-inhibitors during illness.
    • Regularly reviewing and criticizing prescription lists can identify and remove dangerous or unnecessary medications.

    Conclusions:

    • Managing drug-related toxicity requires a multi-faceted approach.
    • Patient education and active participation are key to mitigating risks.
    • Regular medication review and deprescribing are vital components of safe pharmacotherapy.