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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

488
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
488

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Related Experiment Video

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates brain functional connectivity in autism.

Tianyi Zhou1, Jiannan Kang2, Zheng Li1

  • 1Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.

Neuroimage. Clinical
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhanced network flexibility and alpha band connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This noninvasive brain stimulation shows potential for modifying brain network dynamics in ASD.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderBrain plasticityFrequency-dependent subnetworksNetwork-based approachesTranscranial direct current stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents challenges in social interaction, communication, and behavior.
  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique with potential therapeutic applications for ASD.
  • The precise effects of tDCS on network-level brain activity and its underlying mechanisms in ASD remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of tDCS on brain network dynamics in children with ASD.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which tDCS modulates neural activity in the context of ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in children with ASD before and after a single tDCS session targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
  • Network-based methods, including temporal network flexibility analysis and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for frequency-specific network analysis, were employed.
  • Comparisons were made between active tDCS and sham stimulation conditions.

Main Results:

  • tDCS led to a significant increase in network flexibility, indicating more dynamic reconfiguration of brain network communities.
  • A notable increase in interhemispheric connectivity within the alpha frequency band was observed after tDCS.
  • Frequency-specific subnetwork analysis revealed tDCS-induced modulation of functional connectivity patterns, particularly in higher frequency bands.

Conclusions:

  • tDCS can effectively modify both local and global brain network dynamics in children with ASD.
  • The findings highlight tDCS's capacity to alter network reconfiguration and modular architecture.
  • This study provides insights into the neurophysiological effects of tDCS, suggesting its potential as an intervention for ASD by influencing brain network organization.