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Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Boys: Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Anna Kopiczko1, Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk2, Monika Łopuszańska-Dawid1
1Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland.
Summary
Childhood physical activity significantly impacts bone mineral density in adolescent boys. Track and field athletes showed superior bone parameters, highlighting the importance of exercise and birth weight for long-term bone health.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric bone health
- Sports medicine
- Anthropometry
Background:
- Physical inactivity in children can lead to reduced bone mineral density, a condition often associated with old age.
- Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for bone development, influencing lifelong skeletal health.
- Birth weight and infant feeding practices may impact bone status.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate bone mineral density in adolescent boys (14-17 years) with varying physical activity levels.
- To assess the influence of physical activity type, birth weight, and breastfeeding on bone parameters.
- To identify key determinants of bone health during adolescence.
Main Methods:
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure forearm bone parameters.
- Anthropometric and body composition measurements followed kinanthropometric standards.
- Data on birth weight and breastfeeding duration were collected via maternal interviews.
Main Results:
- Track and field athletes exhibited the most favorable bone parameters, irrespective of birth weight.
- Swimmers with normal or low birth weight had less advantageous bone parameters compared to non-athletes.
- Physical activity type and birth weight were the strongest predictors of bone parameters.
Conclusions:
- Physical activity type is a significant determinant of bone parameters in adolescent boys.
- Adequate birth weight and participation in certain sports like track and field positively influence bone development.
- Adolescent bone status is crucial for long-term skeletal health, emphasizing the role of early life factors and physical activity.
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