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A Fish Galectin-8 Possesses Direct Bactericidal Activity.

Tengfei Zhang1,2,3, Shuai Jiang1,2,3, Li Sun1,2,3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a fish galectin-8 (CsGal-8) that binds and kills bacteria. This discovery highlights a novel mechanism in fish immunity against bacterial pathogens.

Keywords:
Cynoglossus semilaevisbacterial bindingbactericidalgalectin-8immune defense

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Marine Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Galectins are animal lectins binding beta-galactosides.
  • Some mammalian galectins exhibit bactericidal properties.
  • No fish galectins with direct bactericidal effects were previously reported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify and characterize a novel galectin from tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).
  • Investigate the immune function of this galectin, specifically its interaction with bacteria.
  • Determine if the fish galectin possesses direct bactericidal activity.

Main Methods:

  • Identified and sequenced galectin-8 (CsGal-8) from tongue sole.
  • Analyzed conserved domains and motifs crucial for carbohydrate binding.
  • Examined CsGal-8 expression in various tissues and upon bacterial challenge.
  • Expressed and purified recombinant CsGal-8 (rCsGal-8) for functional assays.
  • Assessed rCsGal-8 binding to bacteria and its localization within cells.
  • Tested the bactericidal activity of rCsGal-8 against bacterial pathogens.

Main Results:

  • CsGal-8 possesses conserved carbohydrate recognition domains and binding motifs.
  • CsGal-8 is constitutively expressed and upregulated by bacterial challenge in specific immune tissues.
  • rCsGal-8 binds to various bacteria and co-localizes with them.
  • rCsGal-8 demonstrates potent bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria by damaging their membrane and structure.
  • Carbohydrates like lactose and galactose inhibit rCsGal-8-bacteria interactions.

Conclusions:

  • CsGal-8 is a tandem repeat galectin-8 from tongue sole with conserved functional domains.
  • CsGal-8 plays a significant role in innate immunity against bacterial infections in fish.
  • This galectin exhibits direct bactericidal effects on Gram-negative pathogens, representing a novel immune defense mechanism.