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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis
Published on: September 13, 2020
Wided Najahi-Missaoui1, Robert D Arnold2,3, Brian S Cummings1,3
1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Nanoparticle applications are expanding, but safety questions remain. This review covers nanoparticle toxicity, cell interactions, and methods to ensure safer nanotechnology development.
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