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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

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Mast Cell Chymase and Kidney Disease.

Shamila Vibhushan1,2, Manuela Bratti1,2, Juan Eduardo Montero-Hernández1,2

  • 1Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, CNRS ERL8252, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR1149, 16 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mast cells release chymase, a protease involved in kidney disease. While previously thought to be harmful, new research suggests chymase may also offer protective benefits in kidney conditions.

Keywords:
angiotensin IIinflammationkidney diseasemast cellmast cell chymase

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Proteases constitute approximately 2% of the human genome and are crucial for physiological processes, including inflammation.
  • Mast cells (MC) are immune cells that store and release specific proteases, such as chymase, which is abundant in MCs.
  • MC chymase plays a role in kidney disease pathogenesis, partly by contributing to angiotensin II generation, a key inflammatory mediator.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of chymase in the context of kidney disease.
  • To explore the dual actions of chymase, encompassing both detrimental and potentially beneficial effects on kidney health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating chymase in kidney disease.
  • Analysis of data from studies utilizing protease inhibitors and genetically modified mouse models (mMCP-4 deficient mice).

Main Results:

  • Chymase is released by mast cells and can act locally, in lymph nodes, or systemically.
  • MC chymase contributes to angiotensin II generation, implicated in kidney disease development.
  • Evidence suggests chymase may possess protective functions in kidney disease, challenging earlier assumptions.

Conclusions:

  • The role of chymase in kidney disease is complex, with both pro-inflammatory and potentially protective actions.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential of modulating chymase activity in kidney disorders.