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COVID-19: Test, Test and Test.

Fatima A Saleh1, Aleen Sleem2

  • 1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 115020, Lebanon.

Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Accurate COVID-19 diagnosis relies on proper specimen collection for RT-PCR testing. This review examines various specimen types used in molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 to ensure reliable results and prevent false negatives.

Keywords:
COVID-19RT-PCRdiagnostic testingfalse-negative resultsnasopharyngeal swabssampling methods

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019, necessitating rapid diagnostic strategies.
  • Global health initiatives implemented containment measures including testing, social distancing, and hygiene protocols.
  • Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss various specimen types utilized in molecular diagnostic methods for COVID-19.
  • To highlight the critical role of pre-analytical factors, particularly specimen selection and collection, in RT-PCR accuracy.
  • To underscore the importance of optimal specimen handling to minimize false-negative results in SARS-CoV-2 testing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on molecular diagnostic methods for COVID-19.
  • Analysis of different specimen types employed for SARS-CoV-2 detection via RT-PCR.
  • Discussion of pre-analytical variables impacting test sensitivity and specificity.

Main Results:

  • Various specimen types, including respiratory samples, have been evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection.
  • Suboptimal specimen collection is identified as a significant contributor to false-negative RT-PCR results.
  • The choice and quality of specimen are critical determinants of diagnostic test reliability.

Conclusions:

  • Effective COVID-19 diagnosis hinges on appropriate specimen selection and meticulous collection techniques for RT-PCR assays.
  • Continued research and standardization of specimen handling are essential as the pandemic evolves.
  • Ensuring high-quality pre-analytical processes is paramount for accurate SARS-CoV-2 surveillance and patient management.