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When fluid enters a pipe, it first passes through the entrance region, where the velocity profile adjusts due to viscous effects. In this region, a boundary layer forms along the pipe walls and grows until it fully occupies the pipe's cross-section. Once the boundary layer merges, the flow becomes fully developed, with a steady velocity profile that remains consistent along the pipe's length.
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Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
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A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is achieved...
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Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole
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Spatiotemporal Intermittency in Pulsatile Pipe Flow.

Daniel Feldmann1, Daniel Morón1, Marc Avila1

  • 1Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Turbulence in pulsatile pipe flow is poorly understood. This study shows intermittent turbulence requires triggered puffs, which leverage flow instability for survival.

Keywords:
helical instabilitypuff dynamicsturbulence intermittencyunsteady shear flow

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Turbulence research
  • Computational fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Turbulence in pulsatile pipe flow is crucial for cardiovascular health and engineering but remains poorly understood.
  • Recent advances have shed light on turbulence transition, yet its behavior post-triggering is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal intermittency of turbulence in pulsatile pipe flows.
  • To analyze turbulence behavior under fixed Reynolds (Re=2400) and Womersley (Wo=8) numbers with varying pulsation amplitudes.

Main Methods:

  • Direct numerical simulations (DNS) were employed.
  • Two DNS strategies were used: starting from steady pipe flow and from laminar flow perturbed by optimal helical disturbances derived from non-modal stability analysis.

Main Results:

  • Optimal helical perturbations could not sustain turbulence beyond the first pulsation period.
  • Spatiotemporally intermittent turbulence persisted over multiple periods only when turbulence puffs were initiated.
  • These turbulence puffs utilized both the self-sustaining lift-up mechanism and the intermittent stability of the mean velocity profile.

Conclusions:

  • Turbulence sustainment in pulsatile pipe flow is dependent on triggered puffs, not solely on initial perturbations.
  • The interaction between self-sustaining mechanisms and flow profile instability is key for maintaining intermittent turbulence.