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Rates of Cognitive and Functional Impairments Among Sheltered Adults Experiencing Homelessness.

Zanjbeel Mahmood1, Lea Vella1, Jacqueline E Maye1

  • 1San Diego State University/University of California (UC), San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego (Mahmood, Vella); Research Service, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego (Mahmood, Maye, Keller, Van Patten, Clark, Twamley); Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego (Maye, Clark, Twamley); Department of Psychiatry, UC, San Diego (Van Patten, Twamley).

Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.)
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Summary

Cognitive and functional impairments are prevalent in adults experiencing homelessness. Objective cognitive screening and rehabilitation services are crucial for this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
CognitionFunctional capacityHomelessnessIntellectual functioningProcessing speed

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Homelessness is associated with significant health challenges, including cognitive and functional deficits.
  • Objective data on cognitive and functional impairments in this population are limited.
  • Understanding these impairments is vital for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the rates of objective cognitive and functional impairments in adults experiencing homelessness.
  • To investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and functional capacity in this group.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 100 adults experiencing homelessness underwent neuropsychological and functional capacity assessments.
  • Cognitive impairment was assessed using normative data and scores below 1 standard deviation from the mean.
  • Pearson correlations analyzed the association between cognitive and functional capacities.

Main Results:

  • 65% of participants exhibited cognitive impairment, with 30% showing impaired processing speed.
  • 11% met criteria for intellectual disability, and 48% had functional impairments.
  • Poorer cognitive performance strongly correlated with poorer functional capacity (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive and functional impairments are highly prevalent among sheltered adults experiencing homelessness.
  • Routine objective cognitive screening is recommended for this population.
  • Rehabilitation services should be integrated to address these deficits.