Recent Development in Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agent: A Mechanistic Approach
Neha Devi1, Kamalpreet Kaur1, Avadh Biharee1
1Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Pb), 151001, India.
Background:
Cancer accounts for several deaths each year. There are multiple FDA approved drugs for cancer treatments. Due to the severe side effects and multiple drug resistance, the current drug therapies become ineffective. So, the newer moieties with fewer toxic effects are necessary for the development.
Objective:
The mechanism of indole derivatives as anti-cancer agents with their major target is explored in detail in this article.
Methods:
Recent advances and mechanism of indole derivatives as anti-cancer agents are reviewed. This review suggests a detailed explanation of multiple mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives: cell cycle arrest, aromatase inhibitor estrogen receptor regulator, tubulin inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, topoisomerase inhibitors, and NFkB/PI3/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors, through which these derivatives have shown promising anti-cancer potential.
Results:
A full literature review showed that the indole derivatives are associated with the properties of inducing apoptosis, aromatase inhibition, regulation of estrogen receptor and inhibition of tyrosine kinase, tubulin assembly, NFkB/PI3/Akt/mTOR pathway, and HDACs. These derivatives have shown significant activity against cancer cell lines.
Conclusion:
Indole derivatives seem to be important in cancer via acting through various mechanisms. This review has shown that the indole derivatives can further be explored for the betterment of cancer treatment, and to discover the hidden potential of indole derivatives.
Insights
Indole derivatives show significant anti-cancer potential by targeting multiple pathways like cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Further research into these compounds could lead to improved cancer treatments with fewer side effects.
Area of Science:
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Pharmacology
- Oncology
Background:
- Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
- Current cancer therapies face challenges due to severe side effects and drug resistance.
- Novel therapeutic agents with improved safety profiles are crucial for effective cancer treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the anti-cancer mechanisms of indole derivatives.
- To identify the major molecular targets of indole derivatives in cancer therapy.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of recent advances in indole derivative research.
- Detailed analysis of the mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives.
Main Results:
- Indole derivatives exhibit anti-cancer properties through diverse mechanisms, including apoptosis induction, aromatase inhibition, and tubulin polymerization inhibition.
- These compounds target key pathways such as estrogen receptor regulation, tyrosine kinase, topoisomerase, and the NF-kB/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
- Significant anti-cancer activity was observed against various cancer cell lines.
Conclusions:
- Indole derivatives represent a promising class of anti-cancer agents with multifaceted mechanisms of action.
- Further investigation into indole derivatives could unlock their full therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
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