Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Can Prevent the Delayed Phase in Patients: A Single Center Retrospect Study

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists represent a significant advancement in managing Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV).
• Understanding patient-specific risk factors is crucial for optimizing antiemetic regimens.
• Prophylactic antiemetic strategies are essential for improving patient tolerance to chemotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the efficacy of Neurokinin-1 Receptor (NK-1R) antagonists in preventing chemotherapy-induced vomiting.
• To evaluate the role of NK-1R antagonists in both acute and delayed phases post-chemotherapy.
• To identify patient-related risk factors associated with CINV.

Main Methods:

• A study involving 145 adult cancer patients receiving dual or triple antiemetics.
• Data collected from patients treated at Shanghai Changhai Hospital between September and November 2017.
• Focus on the first cycle of chemotherapy treatment.

Main Results:

• Triple antiemetic regimens including NK-1R antagonists were more effective in controlling delayed vomiting (4.1% vs. 15.6%, P=0.041).
• A history of motion sickness was identified as a predictor for CINV (P=0.023).
• Low alcohol consumption and a history of chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CIV) in males were associated with CINV in the delayed phase (P=0.036 and P=0.002, respectively).

Conclusions:

• Triple antiemetic therapy with NK-1R antagonists demonstrates superior efficacy in preventing delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting compared to dual agents.
• Specific patient risk factors, including motion sickness history, alcohol consumption, and gender-specific history of CIV, are significantly associated with CINV.
• Personalized antiemetic strategies incorporating risk factor assessment can improve CINV management.