Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the male urethra: nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy studied by flow cytometry

Flow cytometry analysis was performed on 30 primary male urethral squamous cell carcinoma specimens. Nuclei were extracted from paraffin-embedded archival material and isolated nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. Bulbomembranous urethral tumors had a higher incidence of abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy patterns than penile urethral tumors (69 and 29 per cent, respectively). Of the tumors exhibiting a deoxyribonucleic acid diploid pattern and an abnormal (deoxyribonucleic acid tetraploid or aneuploid) histogram 18 and 93 per cent, respectively, showed tumor progression (p less than 0.001). None (0 per cent) of the low grade (grade 1 or 2) tumors with a deoxyribonucleic acid diploid pattern developed local recurrence or distant metastases, whereas 90 per cent of the low grade tumors with an abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid pattern progressed (p less than 0.002). Patients with tumors exhibiting deoxyribonucleic acid diploid ploidy had 5 and 10-year rates free of disease of 85 per cent. In contrast, patients with tumors with abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy patterns had 5 and 10-year rates of 20 and 0 per cent, respectively (p less than 0.001). Determination of deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern by flow cytometry provides important prognostic information for male patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra.