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Related Experiment Videos

Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study.

P A Wolf1, R B D'Agostino, W B Kannel

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital School of Medicine, Boston, MA.

JAMA
|February 19, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette smoking significantly increases stroke risk, especially for heavy smokers. Quitting smoking reduces stroke risk, returning to non-smoker levels within five years.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking is a major public health concern.
  • Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of cigarette smoking on stroke incidence.
  • To determine the independent contribution of smoking to stroke risk, considering other cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Framingham Heart Study cohort (4255 participants).
  • 26-year follow-up period with 459 stroke events recorded.
  • Cox proportional hazard regression model used to analyze risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Smoking was a significant independent predictor of stroke, even after accounting for age, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risk factors.

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  • Stroke risk increased proportionally with the number of cigarettes smoked daily.
  • Heavy smokers ( >40 cigarettes/day) had double the stroke risk of light smokers ( <10 cigarettes/day).
  • Stroke risk in former smokers decreased significantly within two years of cessation and reached non-smoker levels by five years.

    • Conclusions:

    • Cigarette smoking is a significant and independent risk factor for stroke, including brain infarction.
    • Smoking cessation leads to a substantial and rapid reduction in stroke risk.