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Validity and Reliability of the Instruments to Measure Colorectal Cancer Screening Benefits and Barriers-Turkish
Elif Dönmez1, Nursen O Nahcivan, Susan M Rawl
1Author Affiliations: Department of Oncology Nursing, University of Health Sciences Hamidiye Nursing Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Dönmez); Department of Public Health Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty (Retired Member), Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Nahcivan); and Department of Science of Nursing Care, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis (Dr Rawl).
Background:
Perceptions of benefits and barriers are important determinants in understanding colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) behaviors. There is a need for standardized Turkish tools that measure the benefits and barriers of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy (COL).
Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the "Instruments to Measure CRCS Benefits and Barriers."
Methods:
This methodological study was carried out in 2 stages in primary care and in 394 adults between the ages of 50 and 70 years. In the first stage, some items of the scales demonstrated low/unacceptable corrected item-total and factor loadings, and in the second stage, it was decided to add emoji-based facial scales, which include emoji expressions.
Results:
Results with the emoji-based facial scales included internal consistency coefficients of 0.85 for FOBT benefits, 0.79 for FOBT barriers, 0.84 for COL benefits, and 0.86 for COL barriers; the item-total correlations of FOBT varied between 0.39 and 0.73, whereas those of COL varied between 0.38 and 0.76. The factor loadings of all items were higher than 0.40.
Conclusions:
The emoji-based facial scale for CRC Screening Benefits and Barriers is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the benefits and barriers perceptions of 50- to 70-year-old Turkish adults.
Implications For Practice:
The Instruments to Measure CRCS Benefits and Barriers-Turkish version can provide insights for nurses and healthcare professionals to understand individuals' perceived FOBT and COL benefits and barriers and to develop effective interventions to increase CRCS rates.
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