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Diarrheal Pathogens Associated With Growth and Neurodevelopment.

Jeffrey R Donowitz1,2, Jeannie Drew2, Mami Taniuchi2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Diarrheal pathogens impact child growth and neurodevelopment. Some pathogens like norovirus showed positive associations with growth and cognition, while others like sapovirus and enteropathogenic E. coli were linked to negative outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Diarrheal pathogens are linked to impaired linear growth in children.
  • Inflammation from diarrhea can negatively affect neurodevelopment.
  • This study investigated the association between diarrheal pathogens and child development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the relationship between diarrheal pathogens and growth in infants.
  • To assess the impact of diarrheal pathogens on neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood.
  • To identify specific pathogens associated with growth deficits and neurodevelopmental changes.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal birth cohort study of 250 children was conducted.
  • Diarrheal surveillance and pathogen burden were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
  • Pathogen attributable fractions were used to predict growth and Bayley-III cognitive scores over 2 years.

Main Results:

  • Norovirus was positively associated with length-for-age z-scores and cognitive scores.
  • Sapovirus and enteropathogenic E. coli showed inverse associations with cognitive scores.
  • No pathogens were linked to language or motor development scores; maternal and socioeconomic factors were significant predictors.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal, prenatal, and socioeconomic factors are key predictors of child growth and neurodevelopment.
  • Only a subset of diarrheal pathogens demonstrated significant associations with growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay between infections and child development.