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High-Spatial-Resolution Multimodal Imaging by Tapping-Mode Scanning Probe Electrospray Ionization with Feedback

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This study introduces a feedback-controlled scanning probe electrospray ionization method for high-resolution mass spectrometry imaging. The technique enables precise molecular distribution and surface topography analysis without sample preparation.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Direct extraction and ionization techniques offer rapid chemical analysis without sample preparation.
  • Improving spatial resolution in mass spectrometry imaging requires reduced solvent volumes and precise sample delivery.
  • Scanning probe electrospray ionization (SPEI) is a promising technique for analyzing complex samples like biological tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a feedback control system for tapping-mode SPEI to enhance spatial resolution and enable multimodal imaging.
  • To maintain stable probe vibration amplitude over uneven sample surfaces for consistent data acquisition.
  • To demonstrate the capability of the developed technique for high-resolution molecular and topographical imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a feedback control system integrating capillary probe vibration measurement with dynamic distance control.
  • Utilized tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization for direct sample analysis.
  • Achieved simultaneous high-resolution imaging of molecular distribution, surface topography, and probe vibration parameters.

Main Results:

  • Successfully maintained constant probe vibration amplitude during scanning over uneven surfaces.
  • Obtained high-resolution multimodal images of rhodamine B thin films in microwells and a mouse brain tissue section.
  • Demonstrated the technique's ability to analyze multidimensional molecular distributions and surface profiles.

Conclusions:

  • The developed feedback-controlled SPEI system significantly improves spatial resolution for mass spectrometry imaging.
  • This multimodal imaging approach provides comprehensive data on molecular distribution and surface characteristics.
  • The technique is broadly applicable for analyzing diverse samples, including biological tissues and thin films.