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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Sensory Memory01:14

Sensory Memory

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Sensory memory captures information from the environment in its original form for a very brief duration, just long enough to be exposed to visual, auditory, and other senses. This type of memory is detailed and rich but quickly lost unless certain strategies are employed to transfer it into short-term or long-term memory. Sensory information is continuously bombarding the human brain, yet only a small fraction is absorbed, as most of it does not significantly impact daily life. For instance,...
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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Embodied working memory during ongoing input streams.

Nareg Berberian1, Matt Ross1, Sylvain Chartier1

  • 1Laboratory for Computational Neurodynamics and Cognition, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Plos One
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores how working memory content is refined, overwritten, or resisted by new sensory inputs using a neurorobotic model. The findings reveal insights into the interaction between internal representations and external stimuli in flexible cognition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Robotics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Animals use internal representations for higher-order functions like working memory.
  • Existing research often overlooks how working memory interacts with continuous sensory input streams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of working memory content when faced with new, ongoing input streams.
  • To model the interaction between internal representations and external stimuli in a neurorobotic system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a spiking neural network with dynamic synapses and synaptic plasticity.
  • Embodied the model in a physical robot, linking neural activity to motor output.
  • Developed a keyboard listening framework to test working memory responses to new inputs.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated how working memory content can be refined, overwritten, or resisted by incoming data.
  • Showcased the neurorobotic model's ability to study working memory capacity formation.
  • Linked neural activity directly to motor output for a comprehensive analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory plays a crucial role in flexible cognition.
  • Neurorobotic approaches offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of working memory.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding how internal representations are updated by external stimuli.