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Coagulation01:06

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...
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Monitoring Membrane Fouling Using Fluid Dynamic Gauging: Influence of Feed Characteristics and Operating Conditions.

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Quantifying Charge Effects on Fouling Layer Strength and (Ir)Removability during Cross-Flow Microfiltration.

Mads Koustrup Jørgensen1, Tuve Mattsson2,3

  • 1Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Membrane fouling, a key limitation in membrane technology, was studied using fluid dynamic gauging (FDG). The study found that calcium ions significantly increase cake cohesive strength, impacting foulant irremovability.

Keywords:
cake formationfouling monitoringmembrane foulingmicrofiltration

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Area of Science:

  • Membrane science and technology
  • Surface chemistry
  • Colloid science

Background:

  • Membrane fouling limits the application of membrane technology.
  • Understanding fouling mechanisms and parameters affecting layer removability is crucial.
  • Current methods for assessing fouling layer strength are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of charge effects on cake cohesive strength using fluid dynamic gauging (FDG).
  • To assess the impact of cations, specifically calcium ions, on the cohesive strength and irremovability of fouling layers.
  • To propose a method for determining cake irremovability using FDG.

Main Methods:

  • Microfiltration (MF) membranes were fouled using negatively charged polystyrene-polyacrylic acid core-shell particles in a cross-flow system.
  • Fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) was employed to estimate fouling cake thickness and cohesive strength.
  • Cake irremovability was assessed using an FDG-based procedure, comparing layers formed with and without calcium ions.

Main Results:

  • Fouling layers formed in the presence of calcium ions exhibited significantly higher cohesive strength than those formed without calcium ions.
  • Calcium ions act as a bridging agent between negatively charged foulant particles, increasing cake strength.
  • Highly negatively charged particles formed more cohesive cakes in the presence of calcium ions compared to less charged particles.

Conclusions:

  • Fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) is an effective tool for assessing cake cohesive strength and foulant irremovability.
  • Foulant surface charge and the ionic composition of the solution, particularly the presence of cations like calcium, significantly influence cake cohesive strength.
  • FDG can provide in-depth understanding of fouling mechanisms relevant to membrane process optimization.