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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers
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Thermopneumatic Soft Micro Bellows Actuator for Standalone Operation.

Seongbeom Ahn1, Woojun Jung1, Kyungho Ko1

  • 1Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea.

Micromachines
|January 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel thermopneumatic soft micro bellows actuator, manufactured using 3D printing and capable of standalone, battery-powered operation. The developed micro actuator achieves significant displacement and force, paving the way for portable soft robotic systems.

Keywords:
3D printingindependent actuationmicro actuatorpolydimethylsiloxanesoft bellows actuatorstandalonethermopneumatic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Pneumatic soft micro actuators often require bulky external components like pumps.
  • Existing microfabrication techniques can suffer from leakage issues.
  • There is a need for self-contained, portable microactuators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a standalone thermopneumatic soft micro bellows actuator.
  • To experimentally validate its performance and operational capabilities.
  • To demonstrate its potential for independent, battery-powered applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bellows actuator using a 3D-printed soluble mold to ensure a leak-proof design.
  • Integration of a custom-wound copper wire coil heater into the actuator's sealed cavity.
  • Experimental testing of the thermopneumatic actuation principle and standalone operation with a battery and control circuit.

Main Results:

  • The thermopneumatic actuator achieved a stroke of 2184 μm (62% of body length).
  • The actuator exerted a force of 90.2 mN at a low voltage of 0.55 V.
  • Repetitive standalone operation was successfully demonstrated, confirming the system's viability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed thermopneumatic soft micro bellows actuator offers a compact, self-contained actuation solution.
  • The 3D-printed mold technique effectively prevents leakage, a common issue in soft lithography.
  • This technology enables portable soft robotic systems without external power sources or pumps.