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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Correction: Ciafarone et al. Multi-Strain Probiotic Lysate Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Intestinal Fibrosis and EMT Modulating Smad, Akt, and WNT/β-Catenin Pathways. <i>Cells</i> 2025, <i>14</i>, 1432.

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Correction: Vernia et al. Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease of the Intestine: A Clinicopathological Entity to Be Considered. <i>Medicina</i> 2024, <i>60</i>, 57.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
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Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis.

Filippo Vernia1, Salvatore Longo1, Gianpiero Stefanelli1

  • 1Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

Nutrients
|January 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Dietary choices significantly impact colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Modifying diet with fiber and specific nutrients can prevent CRC, while Western diets increase risk.

Keywords:
colorectal cancerdietfibernutritionprocessed meatred meatshort chain fatty acids (SCFA)vitamins

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 9% of cancer deaths.
  • Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to CRC development.
  • Diet and lifestyle modifications can prevent up to 50% of CRC cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on diet's role in colorectal cancer development.
  • To outline potential dietary prevention strategies for colorectal cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on diet and colorectal cancer.
  • Analysis of the impact of Western diet vs. fiber-rich diet.
  • Examination of specific nutrients and gut microbiota effects.

Main Results:

  • High intake of fat, red, and processed meats (Western diet) increases CRC risk.
  • Dietary fiber intake counteracts meat's adverse effects via multiple mechanisms.
  • Antioxidants, vitamin D, selenium, and calcium show protective effects.
  • Gut microbiota modulation by diet influences CRC risk.

Conclusions:

  • Diet is a significant modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer.
  • A fiber-rich diet with adequate micronutrients offers protective benefits.
  • Dietary interventions and gut microbiota management are key for CRC prevention.