Theoretical plurality, the extended evolutionary synthesis, and archaeology

Area of Science:

• Cultural Evolution
• Archaeology
• Theoretical Biology

Background:

• Cultural evolution research encompasses diverse theoretical frameworks.
• These frameworks are influenced by Darwinian evolutionary theory but show significant diversity.
• Key schools include those aligned with the Modern Synthesis (e.g., evolutionary archaeology) and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (e.g., cultural macroevolution).

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the theoretical diversity within cultural evolution studies.
• To address the ongoing debate regarding the appropriateness and priority of different theoretical schools.
• To argue for the necessity of theoretical diversity in analyzing complex archaeological data.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of theoretical frameworks in cultural evolution.
• Analysis of the historical influences and conceptual underpinnings of different schools of thought.
• Argumentation based on the complexity of the archaeological record.

Main Results:

• Identification of two major theoretical clusters: Modern Synthesis-aligned and Extended Evolutionary Synthesis-aligned.
• Recognition of substantial debate between adherents of these schools.
• Argument that theoretical diversity is crucial for addressing research questions.

Conclusions:

• Theoretical diversity is essential for robust cultural evolution research.
• Concepts from the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis offer unique perspectives on cultural evolutionary processes.
• Integrating diverse theoretical approaches enhances the study of complex cultural phenomena.