Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
Published on: September 29, 2018
Treatment of Recurrent Tracheocutaneous Fistulas in the Irradiated Neck with a Two Layers-Two Flaps Combined
M Pignatti1, G Sapino2, M Alicandri-Ciufelli3
1Department of Plastic Surgery, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Abstract:
The development of a tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) is a well-documented complication after tracheostomy, especially in chronic morbid patients, in whom tubes or cannulas are left in place over time, or in irradiated patients. Surgical treatments are therefore needed which range from simple curettage and dressings to local skin flaps, muscle flaps and, in the more complex cases, microsurgical free tissue transfers. We present a novel combined technique used to successfully treat recurrent TCFs in irradiated patients, involving a superiorly based turnover fistula flap and a sternocleidomastoid transposition flap.
Related Concept Videos
Flail Chest-II
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Tracheostomy Decannulation
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask...
Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...

