Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 22, 2025
10:10
Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
Published on: February 15, 2022
1.6K
[Rho kinase inhibitors as new local therapy option in primary open angle glaucoma]
C Erb1, K Konieczka2
1Augenklinik am Wittenbergplatz, Kleiststr. 23-26, 10787, Berlin, Deutschland. erb.glaukom@gmail.com.
Summary
Rho-kinase inhibitors are a new class of glaucoma medications offering effective intraocular pressure reduction comparable to existing treatments. While generally well-tolerated, further clinical studies are needed to confirm their broader therapeutic effects.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Rho-kinase inhibitors represent a novel therapeutic class for glaucoma treatment.
- Approved in Japan (2014) and the USA (2017), these agents are now anticipated in Europe.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current knowledge on Rho-kinase inhibitors for glaucoma therapy.
- To present the efficacy and safety profiles of ripasudil and netarsudil.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed.
- Included studies focused on ripasudil, netarsudil, and the netarsudil/latanoprost combination.
Main Results:
- Ripasudil and netarsudil demonstrate intraocular pressure lowering comparable to timolol and latanoprost.
- The netarsudil/latanoprost combination achieved a target pressure below 15 mmHg in 32% of patients.
- Conjunctival hyperemia (53-65%) is the most frequent side effect; systemic effects are rare.
Conclusions:
- Rho-kinase inhibitors offer a valuable new option for glaucoma management, potentially aiding in achieving target intraocular pressure.
- Additional clinical research is necessary to validate the experimentally observed pleiotropic effects of these inhibitors.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
832
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
832
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
957
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
957
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
1.1K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.1K
01:26Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers
317
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
317
01:23Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists
326
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
326
01:13Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics
1.0K
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
1.0K