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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Walmart, a major retailer, has made significant policy changes regarding firearm sales.
  • These changes include discontinuing handgun sales in 1994 and reducing firearm sales in 2006.
  • The impact of these corporate decisions on public safety has not been fully quantified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of Walmart's firearm sales policies on suicide and homicide rates.
  • To quantify the number of lives potentially saved by these policy changes.
  • To analyze the differential effects of handgun versus long gun sales policies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a difference-in-differences (DID) research framework.
  • Analyzing county-level data on suicide and homicide rates in relation to Walmart's policy changes.
  • Controlling for potential confounding factors in the statistical models.

Main Results:

  • Walmart's 1994 handgun sales cessation was associated with a 3.3-7.5% reduction in suicide rates in affected counties.
  • This policy change may have saved an estimated 5,104 to 11,970 lives between 1994 and 2005.
  • The 2006 and 2011 decisions regarding long gun sales did not show a robust association with changes in suicide or homicide rates.

Conclusions:

  • Walmart's decision to end handgun sales in 1994 significantly reduced suicide rates.
  • The reduction in firearm availability through major retailers can be a viable public health strategy.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of varying firearm sales policies.