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Adult Maxillofacial Trauma Patterns in American Football.

Jason E Cohn1, Lauren E Melley2, David Lafferty3

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American football players frequently sustain head and facial injuries, with lacerations and maxillofacial fractures being common. Understanding these trauma patterns is vital for developing effective safety measures.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • American football is a high-contact sport associated with significant head and facial injuries.
  • Previous research has not fully characterized the specific patterns of maxillofacial trauma in adult football players.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and categorize the patterns of adult maxillofacial trauma sustained during American football.
  • To provide data that can inform the development of targeted safety initiatives and injury prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) to identify adult patients with football-related head and facial injuries between 2009 and 2018.
  • Collected data on patient demographics (age, sex), injury type, injury location, and patient disposition.
  • Employed Chi-squared testing with Bonferroni correction for statistical analysis of categorical variables.

Main Results:

  • A total of 1784 patients (estimated national total of 65,052) were analyzed, with a mean age of 27.26 years.
  • Young adult males (86.1% and 87.9%, respectively) were the most common demographic affected.
  • Lacerations were the most frequent injury (43.1%), followed by maxillofacial fractures (15.8%), predominantly nasal bone fractures (52.8% of fractures).
  • Female patients had a higher incidence of head injuries compared to males (46.8% vs. 29.0%).
  • Patients with fractures were significantly more likely to be admitted for hospital care.

Conclusions:

  • Maxillofacial injuries in American football are a significant concern, particularly among young adult males.
  • Nasal bone fractures are the most common type of fracture observed.
  • Understanding these injury patterns is essential for healthcare providers and for implementing effective safety protocols in American football.