Race and Genetic Ancestry in Medicine - A Time for Reckoning with Racism

Luisa N Borrell¹, Jennifer R Elhawary¹, Elena Fuentes-Afflick¹+13

• ¹From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York (L.N.B.); the Departments of Medicine (J.R.E., J.W., N.B., N.R.P., E.Z., E.G.B.), Pediatrics (E.F.-A., J.W.), Laboratory Medicine (A.H.B.W.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.B.-D.), Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (K.B.-D., N.R.P.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and the Institute of Human Genetics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.Z.), and the Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (E.G.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Bay Area Pediatrics, Oakland (M.A.L.), the Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (R.A.K.), and the Department of Neurogenetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (N.A.Z.) - all in California; the Centro de Neumología Pediátrica, San Juan, PR (J.R.R.-S.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (J.R.G.); and the School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.W.).