Refuse-derived fuel potential production for co-combustion in the cement industry in Algeria

As in many developing countries, municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the most significant challenges facing urban communities in Algeria. The effective management of solid waste involves the application of various treatment methods, and technologies to ensure the protection of public health and the environment. This research work aimed to examine potential production and utilization of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from MSW to be used as a substitute fuel in cement kilns in Algeria. After receiving the input waste, sieves were used to categorize MSW according to size. The waste fractions >80 mm were subjected to a drying process in an open-air area and had been turned periodically in order to increase the dry matter (DM). A cost study was performed to evaluate the environmental and economic savings of RDF utilization in the cement industry. At the end of the drying process, as a consequence of the waste moisture reduction, the low heating value was found to be 16 MJ kg^-1, and the DM 87%. Concerning heavy metal content, their concentrations were within the limits set by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)/TC 343 standardization. The chlorine content was around 0.37% to 0.80%. The feasibility study of adding RDF as a substitute fuel in the cement industry showed that when 15% of RDF is used, the RDF consumption will be 4.7 metric tonnes (Mt) h^-1, which will save 4347.2 Nm³ h^-1 of natural gas and 0.3 Mt h^-1 in carbon dioxide emissions, with a net gas cost saving of 65 USD h^-1.