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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Typhoid.

Khalid L Khan1, Shahid Ahmad1, Mehr Nisa1

  • 1Family Medicine, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, QAT.

Cureus
|January 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of spontaneous pneumothorax in a child with typhoid fever is presented. This complication, previously seen in the pre-antibiotic era, is reported here in the post-antibiotic era.

Keywords:
pneumothoraxtyphoid

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Typhoid fever, caused by *Salmonella* Typhi, is a significant global health concern.
  • Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare but serious complication that can occur in patients with severe infections.
  • Historically, spontaneous pneumothorax has been documented as a complication of typhoid fever, primarily in the pre-antibiotic era.

Observation:

  • A 12-year-old girl presented with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, and fever following travel to Pakistan.
  • Initial investigations revealed primary spontaneous pneumothorax on chest radiography, with no prior history of lung disease.
  • Blood cultures confirmed the diagnosis of *Salmonella* Typhi infection.

Findings:

  • This case represents a rare occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax in conjunction with typhoid fever.
  • The complication was observed in the post-antibiotic era, contrasting with previous literature predominantly from the pre-antibiotic period.
  • The patient's presentation highlights a potential, albeit infrequent, association between *Salmonella* Typhi infection and spontaneous pneumothorax.

Implications:

  • This report expands the known spectrum of complications associated with typhoid fever.
  • It underscores the importance of considering rare pulmonary complications in febrile illnesses, even in the current era of antibiotics.
  • Further surveillance and research may be warranted to understand the incidence and mechanisms of this association in the modern medical context.