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Embryo implantation in the laboratory: an update on current techniques
Samuel Ojosnegros1, Anna Seriola1, Amélie L Godeau1
1Bioengineering in Reproductive Health, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
Human Reproduction Update
|January 7, 2021
Summary
Studying human embryo implantation is challenging due to its inaccessibility. This review categorizes in vitro models, including stem cell and organoid systems, to advance understanding of early pregnancy development.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology and developmental science.
- Cell biology and tissue engineering.
Background:
- Embryo implantation is critical for pregnancy establishment but difficult to study experimentally in vivo.
- The process involves blastocyst trophectoderm attachment to the endometrium, leading to placental formation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and categorize existing in vitro experimental systems for studying human embryo implantation.
- To provide an overview of available tools for investigating implantation, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review to identify and categorize in vitro models of embryo implantation.
- Classification based on embryo/cell pairings, from blastocyst apposition to trophoblast invasion and gastrulation.
Main Results:
- Identified various in vitro systems mimicking different stages of human embryo implantation.
- Highlighted systems utilizing stem cells, organoids, and bioengineering for embryo-like structures and endometrial tissues.
Conclusions:
- In vitro models are essential for high-throughput screening of molecules influencing implantation and endometrial receptivity.
- Integrating stem cell technology and bioengineering offers promising avenues for developing advanced models to study the full window of implantation.
