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Related Concept Videos

Hazard Rate01:11

Hazard Rate

268
The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
268

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Developing Hazard Rating Calculation Methodologies for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances.

Mandy R R McDougall1, Indra Kalinovich2

  • 1Dillon Consulting, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|January 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Managing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is crucial due to health and environmental risks. This study used hazard ratings to prioritize PFAS management at Canadian federal properties, identifying key compounds for targeted strategies.

Keywords:
Aqueous film forming foamHazard/risk assessmentPerfluoroalkyl substancePerfluorooctane sulfonateRisk ranking

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Toxicology
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant environmental and human health challenges.
  • Effective risk management requires prioritizing PFAS based on toxicological properties and environmental fate.
  • Hazard rating calculations offer a quantitative method for assessing contaminant risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at federally owned properties in Canada using hazard rating calculations.
  • To assess potential site impacts from PFAS use, including aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) applications at fire-fighting training areas (FFTAs).
  • To identify high-risk PFAS for prioritized management and remediation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied hazard rating calculation methodologies to evaluate eleven PFAS.
  • Assessed PFAS based on prevalence in AFFFs and available chemical data.
  • Evaluated four key properties: human health, environmental fate, deleterious quantity, and release/impact modifiers.

Main Results:

  • Hazard ratings were calculated for perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluoroheptanoate, and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate, which were higher than other evaluated PFAS.
  • The methodology successfully ranked PFAS based on their potential risk.
  • Identified specific PFAS requiring prioritized attention for site management.

Conclusions:

  • The hazard rating system is effective for selecting and developing site management or remediation strategies for PFAS.
  • This methodology supports a comprehensive, site-scale approach to PFAS management prioritization.
  • The approach can be integrated into future regulatory frameworks and contaminant prioritization efforts.