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Related Experiment Videos

Pulmonary aspiration: an update.

R H Stewardson, L M Nyhus

    Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |October 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pulmonary aspiration, especially of gastric contents, has high mortality. Current evidence does not support corticosteroid use, but judicious antimicrobial use and positive end-expiratory pressure improve outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Critical Care
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Pulmonary aspiration of foreign material is a common clinical event with significant morbidity and mortality.
    • Massive aspiration of gastric contents presents a particularly lethal challenge.
    • Physician understanding and management strategies for pulmonary aspiration require clarification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding and treatment of pulmonary aspiration.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids and the role of antimicrobial agents.
    • To highlight advances in mechanical ventilation and emphasize preventative measures.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on pulmonary aspiration.
    • Analysis of treatment modalities including corticosteroids, antimicrobials, and mechanical ventilation.

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  • Discussion of the bacteriology of aspiration and preventative strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Current data do not support the use of corticosteroids in treating pulmonary aspiration.
    • Understanding aspiration bacteriology has led to more appropriate antimicrobial use.
    • Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a significant advancement in managing aspiration via mechanical ventilation.

    Conclusions:

    • Corticosteroids are not recommended for pulmonary aspiration.
    • Antimicrobial therapy should be guided by knowledge of causative bacteria.
    • Positive end-expiratory pressure is a valuable adjunct in mechanical ventilation for aspiration.
    • Pulmonary aspiration in hospitalized patients is preventable through physician awareness and vigilance.