Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

43.3K
sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
43.3K
π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene01:24

π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene

10.6K
Conjugated dienes have lower heats of hydrogenation than cumulated and isolated dienes, making them more stable. The enhanced stabilization of conjugated systems can be understood from their π molecular orbitals.
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
10.6K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

59.8K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
59.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.2K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
10.2K
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

45.0K
Overview of Valence Bond Theory
45.0K
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

11.0K
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
11.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cross-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Polymers for High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Synthesis, processing and applications of poly(benzodifurandione).

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Investigation of damage evolution in asphalt concrete under coupled ultraviolet aging and freeze-thaw cycles.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Solution-state nanoconfined aggregation and microstructure evolution in blends of conjugated polymers and elastomers.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Structure-Function Coupling in Pyridyl Triazole Copolymers for Neuromorphic Synaptic Transistors.

ACS applied electronic materials·2026
Same author

Dextrorotatory kynurenine suppresses acute rejection through inhibiting M1 macrophage-mediated inflammation.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

3.1K

Electron-Deficient Polycyclic π-System Fused with Multiple B←N Coordinate Bonds.

Yirui Cao, Congzhi Zhu, Maciej Barłóg1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|January 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a large, rigid polycyclic molecule using an efficient borylation reaction. This method also yields n-type conjugated materials valuable for organic electronics and photovoltaics.

More Related Videos

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

7.8K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

3.1K
Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

7.8K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Developing novel polycyclic π-systems is crucial for advanced organic electronic applications.
  • Achieving rigid, planar structures in large π-systems remains a synthetic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize an extensive polycyclic π-system with 23 fused rings.
  • To explore the utility of a novel borylation reaction for constructing rigid molecular architectures.
  • To develop new n-type conjugated materials for organic electronics and photovoltaics.

Main Methods:

  • A one-pot borylation reaction was employed to synthesize the polycyclic π-system.
  • The reaction forms both B-N covalent and B←N coordinate bonds.
  • Characterization of the resulting molecule's structure and electronic properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a 23-fused-ring polycyclic π-system.
  • The borylation reaction efficiently formed four B-N covalent and four B←N coordinate bonds in one pot.
  • B←N coordinate bonds induced a near-coplanar conformation and lowered the LUMO energy level to -3.82 eV.

Conclusions:

  • The developed borylation strategy is highly effective for synthesizing extensive rigid polycyclic molecules.
  • This approach facilitates the creation of n-type conjugated materials with potential applications in organic electronics and photovoltaics.
  • The dual role of B←N coordinate bonds in structural control and electronic tuning was demonstrated.