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Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
Published on: November 11, 2013
Long-Range Coherence and Multiple Steady States in a Lossy Qubit Array
Shovan Dutta1, Nigel R Cooper1
1T. C. M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
We show that a simple experimental setting of a locally pumped and lossy array of two-level quantum systems can stabilize states with strong long-range coherence. Indeed, by explicit analytic construction, we show there is an extensive set of steady-state density operators, from minimally to maximally entangled, despite this being an interacting open many-body problem. Such nonequilibrium steady states arise from a hidden symmetry that stabilizes Bell pairs over arbitrarily long distances, with unique experimental signatures. We demonstrate a protocol by which one can selectively prepare these states using dissipation. Our findings are accessible in present-day experiments.
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