Left ventricular filling in sickle cell anemia

M-mode echocardiography was performed on 11 normal black subjects and 38 patients with sickle cell anemia while they were at rest to evaluate their left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function. The patients with sickle cell anemia were also evaluated by radionuclide exercise tests and, based on their ejection fraction (EF) response, were separated into 2 groups: a group with a normal EF response to exercise (73 +/- 9%, mean +/- standard deviation) and a group with an abnormal EF response to exercise (53 +/- 9%). Computer-assisted analysis of the M-mode echocardiograms identified abnormalities of diastolic function (impaired left ventricular filling) in patients with sickle cell anemia compared with the normal subjects. The abnormal EF response group had significantly more impaired diastolic function and did less exercise than the normal EF response group. Both groups of patients had a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic volume during exercise. The patients with sickle cell anemia had abnormalities of systolic and diastolic function on echocardiographic and radionuclide testing. The abnormalities in diastolic and systolic function assumed greater significance at the increased heart rates associated with exercise, accounting for the decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and the abnormal EF response, and contributed to exercise intolerance in patients with sickle cell anemia.