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Related Experiment Videos

Divalent cations induce protofibril gelation.

G Marx1

  • 1Magen David Adom Blood Services, Tel Hashomer Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.

American Journal of Hematology
|February 1, 1988
PubMed
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Divalent cations like calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) can induce soluble fibrin oligomers (protofibrils) to form clots. These cation-induced fibrin gels share structural similarities with normal fibrin gels, highlighting key coagulation processes.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Soluble fibrin oligomers, or protofibrils, are precursors to fibrin gels.
  • Fibrin gel formation is crucial for hemostasis and thrombosis.
  • Understanding the factors influencing protofibril assembly is key to understanding clot formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of divalent cations on the phase transition of soluble fibrin oligomers.
  • To characterize the structural and physical properties of cation-induced protofibrin gels.
  • To elucidate the role of cations in promoting fibrin gelation and fiber assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Inducing gelation of soluble fibrin oligomers using calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) ions at varying concentrations.
  • Measuring clot turbidity to assess gel formation and degree of polymerization (indirectly via activation time).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzing fiber cross-sections and banding periodicity using electron microscopy (negatively stained samples).

    • Main Results:

    • Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions, at mM and µM concentrations respectively, induced protofibril gelation.
    • Magnesium (Mg2+) was ineffective at concentrations below 0.5 mM.
    • Turbidity and degree of polymerization showed a positive correlation with cation concentration.
    • Fiber cross-sections increased with cation concentration, and banding periodicity was similar to normal fibrin gels.
    • Lateral merging of protofibrils was identified as a key process for fiber thickening and gelation.

    Conclusions:

    • Physiological concentrations of Ca2+ and Zn2+ can induce fibrin protofibrils to form gels.
    • Cation-induced gelation involves lateral associative processes of protofibrils, leading to increased fiber thickness and gel formation.
    • These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of fibrin clot formation and the role of divalent cations.