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[Potential interaction effect on obesity between sleep duration and dietary patterns in preschool children in Bengbu
Li Shu1, Yingying Zhao2, Xiaolu Li1
1Department of Preventive Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
Insights
Short sleep duration and specific dietary patterns, like animal-based and snack foods, are risk factors for childhood obesity. Interactions between low sleep and these diets significantly increase obesity odds in preschoolers.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Childhood Obesity Research
- Sleep Science
Background:
- Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern.
- Understanding risk factors like sleep and diet is crucial for prevention.
- Preschool years are a critical period for establishing healthy habits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the combined effects of sleep duration and dietary patterns on obesity in preschool children.
- To identify specific dietary patterns that interact with sleep duration to influence obesity risk.
- To explore potential risk factors for overweight and obesity in young children.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 2129 preschool children (aged 3-6 years) using two-stage cluster sampling.
- Data collection included social-demographics, sleep duration, and dietary intake via the "Sleep Duration and Physical Development Questionnaire (SDPDQ)".
- Factor analysis identified dietary patterns, and logistic regression analyzed interactions between sleep and diet on obesity.
Main Results:
- Four major dietary patterns were identified: "traditional", "animal", "calcium", and "snack".
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18.0% and 10.5%, respectively.
- Shorter sleep duration, "animal" dietary pattern, and "snack" dietary pattern were associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity.
- Significant interactions were found between low sleep duration and both "animal" and "snack" dietary patterns regarding obesity risk.
Conclusions:
- Low sleep duration is a significant risk factor for overweight and obesity in preschool children.
- The "animal" dietary pattern interacts with low sleep duration, increasing obesity risk.
- The "snack" dietary pattern also shows a multiplicative interaction with reduced sleep duration, contributing to childhood obesity.
Objective:
To examine the interaction effect between sleep duration and dietary patterns on obesity, in order to explore the possible risk factors for preschool children's obesity.
Methods:
During September of 2018 to March of 2019(1148 boys and 981 girls, 1199 living in urban and 930 living in rural, 756 only child and 1373 not only child), a total of 2129 preschool children used two-stage cluster sampling method from 22 kindergartens aged 3-6 years old were investigated. Social-demographic information(included sex, age, only child or not, left-behind children or not, economic status of family, parents 'cultural level and caregivers' information), sleep duration and dietary intake were collected through "Sleep Duration and Physical Development Questionnaire(SDPDQ) of children aged 3-6 years old in Bengbu city". Factor analysis was applied to determine major dietary patterns, unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the multiplication interaction effect between sleep duration and dietary patterns on obesity.
Results:
Four dietary patterns-"traditional", "animal", "calcium" and "snack" were identified in our study by principal component analysis. The factor contribution rate of the four dietary patterns was 16. 568%, 11. 462%, 7. 317% and 4. 562%, respectively, the total variance was 39. 909%. Among the preschool children, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 18. 0%(n=383) and 10. 5%(n=223), respectively. After controlling the confounding factors, the shorter sleep duration(OR=1. 25, 95%CI 1. 07-1. 72), scores in the top quintile of "animal" pattern(OR=1. 32, 95%CI 1. 15-1. 54) and "snack" pattern(OR=1. 46, 95%CI 1. 16-1. 78) showed greater odds with the prevalence of overweight/obesity among preschool children. Both multiplication and additive interactions were observed between levels of low sleep duration and animal dietary pattern with overweight/obesity(OR=1. 23, 95%CI 1. 16-1. 32). Multiplication interaction was observed between lower sleep time and the snack dietary pattern(OR=1. 16, 95%CI 1. 09-1. 24), with RERI, AP and SI was 0. 38, 0. 20 and 1. 24, respectively. However, neither multiplication interaction or additive interaction was noticed between sleep duration and the traditional dietary pattern, the calcium dietary pattern with OR=0. 76(95%CI 0. 51-1. 11) vs. OR=1. 04(95%CI 0. 65-1. 73), respectively.
Conclusion:
Levels of low sleep duration presented a risk factor for overweight/obesity in preschool children. Both multiplication and additive interactions were observed between low sleep time and the animal dietary pattern. Multiplication interaction was noticed between children's sleep duration and the snack dietary pattern.
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