Prostate apoptosis response-4 and tumor suppression: it's not just about apoptosis anymore
Anees Rahman Cheratta1, Faisal Thayyullathil1, Siraj Pallichankandy1
1Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science, Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Abstract:
The tumor suppressor prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) has recently turned 'twenty-five'. Beyond its indisputable role as an apoptosis inducer, an increasing and sometimes bewildering, new roles for Par-4 are being reported. These roles include its ability to regulate autophagy, senescence, and metastasis. This growing range of responses to Par-4 is reflected by our increasing understanding of the various mechanisms through which Par-4 can function. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on Par-4 tumor suppressive mechanisms, and discuss how the interaction of Par-4 with different regulators influence cell fate. This review also highlights the new secretory pathway that has emerged and the likely discussion on its clinical implications.
Insights
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4), a tumor suppressor, regulates autophagy, senescence, and metastasis. This review explores its diverse mechanisms and clinical implications.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a key tumor suppressor.
- Initially recognized for its role in apoptosis induction, Par-4 exhibits diverse cellular functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted tumor-suppressive mechanisms of Par-4.
- To explore the emerging roles of Par-4 in regulating autophagy, senescence, and metastasis.
- To discuss the clinical implications of Par-4's functions and its secretory pathway.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing knowledge on Par-4.
- Analysis of Par-4's interactions with various cellular regulators.
- Discussion of emerging research on Par-4's secretory pathway.
Main Results:
- Par-4 functions beyond apoptosis induction, impacting autophagy, senescence, and metastasis.
- Understanding of Par-4's diverse regulatory mechanisms has significantly advanced.
- A novel secretory pathway for Par-4 has been identified.
Conclusions:
- Par-4 is a versatile protein with critical roles in tumor suppression.
- Its complex interactions influence cell fate decisions.
- Further research into Par-4's secretory pathway may yield significant clinical insights.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:23Abnormal Proliferation
01:12Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
01:05Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mTOR pathway or the...