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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
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Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

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The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
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Autonomic Modulation for Cardiovascular Disease.

Joseph Hadaya1,2,3, Jeffrey L Ardell1,2

  • 1University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Physiology
|January 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular diseases. Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) shows promise in managing heart failure and arrhythmias by modulating the cardiac nervous system.

Keywords:
arrhythmiaautonomic nervous systemheart failuremyocardial infaractionneurocardiologyneuromodulationsympathectomyvagus nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is a key factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis, including heart failure and arrhythmias.
  • Despite medical and surgical advancements, CVD progression and sudden cardiac death risk remain significant challenges.
  • Increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic tone characterize autonomic imbalance in cardiovascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and function of the cardiac nervous system and its remodeling in disease states.
  • To explore neuromodulatory techniques, specifically vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), as therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disorders.
  • To summarize preclinical evidence and early clinical trial results for VNS in congestive heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cardiac nervous system structure, function, and disease-related remodeling.
  • Analysis of preclinical studies investigating the effects of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS).
  • Examination of early clinical trial data for VNS in patients with congestive heart failure.

Main Results:

  • The cardiac nervous system undergoes significant remodeling in disease, characterized by heightened sympathetic and diminished parasympathetic activity.
  • Preclinical data support the efficacy of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in mitigating adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.
  • Early clinical trials suggest VNS may offer benefits in managing congestive heart failure symptoms and improving cardiac function.

Conclusions:

  • Neuromodulatory approaches, particularly vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), represent a potential advancement in managing cardiovascular disorders.
  • VNS may counteract the detrimental effects of autonomic imbalance in heart failure and other cardiovascular conditions.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to fully establish the role of VNS and other neuromodulatory techniques in cardiovascular medicine.