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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
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Two-dimensional magnetic materials: structures, properties and external controls.

Shuqing Zhang1, Runzhang Xu, Nannan Luo

  • 1Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI) & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (TSIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China. xlzou@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn.

Nanoscale
|January 8, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials exhibit unique phenomena and controllable magnetism, making them promising for spintronics. This review covers their structures, properties, and control methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Intrinsic ferromagnetism discovered in 2D materials (Cr2Gr2Te6, CrI3) in 2017 sparked significant research.
  • 2D magnetic materials and heterostructures exhibit exotic phenomena like quantum anomalous Hall effect and magnon valleytronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of 2D magnetic materials.
  • To discuss their structures, properties, and external control mechanisms.
  • To highlight challenges and opportunities in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in 2D magnetic materials.
  • Analysis of experimental and theoretical studies on their properties.
  • Synthesis of information on external control strategies.

Main Results:

  • 2D magnets display tunable magnetism via electric fields, strain, doping, and chemical functionalization.
  • Exotic physical phenomena are observed at the atomically thin limit.
  • These materials serve as ideal platforms for fundamental research.

Conclusions:

  • 2D magnetic materials offer exciting possibilities for next-generation spintronic devices.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and realize their full potential.
  • Control over magnetism in 2D materials is key to their applications.