Transcriptomic landscaping of core genes and pathways of mild and severe psoriasis vulgaris

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting >125 million individuals worldwide. The therapeutic course for the disease is generally designed upon the severity of the disease. In the present study, the gene expression profile GSE78097, was retrieved from the National Centre of Biotechnology (NCBI)‑Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mild and severe psoriasis using the Affy package in R software. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of the DEGs were analysed using clusterProfiler, Bioconductor, version 3.8. In addition, the STRING database was used to develop DEG‑encoded proteins and a protein‑protein interaction network (PPI). Cytoscape software, version 3.7.1 was utilized to construct a protein interaction association network and analyse the interaction of the candidate DEGs encoding proteins in psoriasis. The top 2 hub genes in Cytohubba plugin parameters were validated using immunohistochemical analysis in psoriasis tissues. A total of 382 and 3,001 dysregulated mild and severe psoriasis DEGs were reported, respectively. The dysregulated mild psoriasis genes were enriched in pathways involving cytokine‑cytokine receptor interaction and rheumatoid arthritis, whereas cytokine‑cytokine receptor interaction, cell cycle and cell adhesion molecules were the most enriched pathways in severe psoriasis group. PL1N1, TLR4, ADIPOQ, CXCL8, PDK4, CXCL1, CXCL5, LPL, AGT, LEP were hub genes in mild psoriasis, whereas BUB1, CCNB1, CCNA2, CDK1, CDH1, VEGFA, PLK1, CDC42, CCND1 and CXCL8 were reported hub genes in severe psoriasis. Among these, CDC42, for the first time (to the best of our knowledge), has been reported in the psoriasis transcriptome, with its involvement in the adaptive immune pathway. Furthermore, the immunoexpression of CDK1 and CDH1 proteins in psoriasis skin lesions were demonstrated using immunohistochemical analysis. On the whole, the findings of the present integrated bioinformatics and immunohistochemical study, may enhance our understanding of the molecular events occurring in psoriasis, and these candidate genes and pathways together may prove to be therapeutic targets for psoriasis vulgaris.