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Updated: Nov 22, 2025

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New Mexico's COVID-19 Experience.

Nicole R Jackson1, Karen Zeigler1, Mary Torrez1

  • 1From the Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

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Autopsies reveal diffuse alveolar damage in all COVID-19 deaths, with common comorbidities including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Thrombotic events were also frequent in these severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic, impacting diverse populations.
  • Existing literature often relies on clinical data or hospital autopsies, potentially confounding pathology.
  • Limited infection rates and high biosafety allowed for comprehensive autopsies in New Mexico.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pure pathological findings of COVID-19 deaths.
  • To characterize the demographic and comorbidity profile of decedents.
  • To identify common pathological features in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 fatalities.

Main Methods:

  • Full autopsy examinations were performed on 20 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive decedents.
  • Demographic data, comorbidities, and macroscopic findings were systematically recorded.
  • Histopathological analysis focused on lung tissue to assess diffuse alveolar damage.

Main Results:

  • Diffuse alveolar damage was present to some extent in all COVID-19 deaths.
  • The average decedent was middle-aged, male, American Indian, overweight, with diabetes, ethanolism, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Macroscopic thrombotic events (pulmonary thromboemboli, coronary artery thrombi) occurred in 35% of cases; 2 cases had bacterial coinfections.

Conclusions:

  • Diffuse alveolar damage is a consistent finding in COVID-19 related deaths.
  • Specific demographic and comorbidity profiles are associated with severe outcomes.
  • Thrombotic events and coinfections are significant complications in fatal COVID-19 cases.