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Updated: Nov 22, 2025

A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s
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Causative Agents in Clinically Significant Methemoglobinemia: A National Poison Data System Study

Brandon K Wills1,2,3, Kirk L Cumpston1,2,3, John W Downs1,2,3

  • 1Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, VCU Medical Center, Richmond, VA.

American Journal of Therapeutics
|January 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Benzocaine, phenazopyridine, dapsone, and nitrates/nitrites are the most frequent causes of methemoglobinemia requiring methylene blue treatment. Understanding these agents aids therapeutic decisions and diagnosis.

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