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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Shearing Strain01:20

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

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Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
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Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Homogeneous Crystallization in Cyclically Sheared Frictionless Grains.

Weiwei Jin1, Corey S O'Hern1,2,3, Charles Radin4

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Granular materials compact under cyclic shear, forming crystals even without friction or gravity. This research on frictionless spheres reveals key insights into crystal formation and the glass problem.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Granular materials are known to compact under pressure and disturbances.
  • Previous experiments showed compaction via homogeneous crystallization in cyclically sheared spherical grains.
  • The role of friction and gravity in this process remains an area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions under which homogeneous crystallization occurs in driven granular media.
  • To determine if friction and gravity are essential for cyclic shear-induced crystallization.
  • To provide insights into the fundamental mechanisms of crystal formation in disordered systems.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of frictionless, purely repulsive spheres.
  • Application of cyclic simple shear using Newtonian dynamics with linear viscous drag.
  • Maintained a fixed vertical load throughout the simulations.

Main Results:

  • Homogeneous crystallization was observed at a volume fraction of ϕ=0.646±0.001 for small strain amplitudes.
  • Friction and gravity were found to be non-essential for homogeneous crystallization in this driven granular system.
  • The study successfully replicated crystallization without these factors.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclic shear can induce homogeneous crystallization in granular materials even in the absence of friction and gravity.
  • These findings simplify the understanding of crystal formation initiation in disordered states.
  • The results offer valuable insights into the long-standing problem of glass formation in fluids.