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Updated: Nov 22, 2025

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Latent fingerprint development by using silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate-A comparative study.

Vandana Prasad1, Lalit Prasad2, Sally Lukose3

  • 1Forensic Science Department, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|January 8, 2021
PubMed
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Forensic scientists can now develop latent fingerprints using a novel silver nanoparticle (AgNP) method. This AgNP approach offers superior visibility and stability compared to the traditional silver nitrate method, using less of the costly chemical.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • The silver nitrate (AgNO3) method is a traditional technique for developing latent fingerprints on porous surfaces.
  • Increasing costs associated with silver nitrate have prompted research into alternative fingerprint development methods.
  • Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show promise due to their adherence to fingerprint residue, leading to interest in nano-forensic fingerprinting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of lower concentrations of silver nitrate in a new silver nanoparticle (AgNP) development method for latent fingerprints.
  • To synthesize and characterize AgNPs using varying molar concentrations of silver nitrate.
  • To compare the quality and stability of fingerprints developed using AgNPs versus the conventional silver nitrate method.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
HR-TEMlatent fingerprintporous surfaceridge detailssilver nanoparticlesilver nitrate

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  • Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized via a wet chemical method using different molar concentrations of silver nitrate (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 M).
  • Synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM).
  • A comparative analysis was conducted on fingerprint development quality and stability on porous substrates using both AgNPs and silver nitrate.

Main Results:

  • AgNPs synthesized at 0.1 M had an average diameter of 10.66 ± 1.22 nm, 0.01 M at 12.50 ± 2.64 nm, and 0.001 M at 14.44 ± 2.68 nm.
  • Fingerprints developed with AgNPs exhibited distinct ridge details and remained stable for over a month.
  • The conventional silver nitrate method produced faint ridge patterns with degraded stability within approximately 20 days.

Conclusions:

  • The novel AgNP method effectively develops latent fingerprints with good visibility and stability.
  • This AgNP approach utilizes lower concentrations of silver nitrate, offering a potentially cost-effective alternative to the traditional AgNO3 method.
  • AgNPs demonstrate superior performance in latent fingerprint development on porous surfaces compared to silver nitrate alone.