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AFF4 facilitates melanoma cell progression by regulating c-Jun activity.

Hongyan Hu1, Yi Zhang2, Liufang Zhao3

  • 1Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, China.

Experimental Cell Research
|January 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

AFF4 (AF4/FMR2 family member 4) is upregulated in melanoma, promoting cancer cell invasion and migration. This study identifies AFF4 as a potential oncogene that may drive melanoma progression by regulating c-Jun activity.

Keywords:
AFF4MelanomaMigration and invasionc-Jun

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer with poor prognosis due to metastasis.
  • AFF4 (AF4/FMR2 family member 4) is a scaffold protein in the super elongation complex (SEC), implicated in tumor progression in other cancers.
  • The role of AFF4 in melanoma progression remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate AFF4 expression in melanoma tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological features.
  • To elucidate the functional role of AFF4 in melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro.
  • To assess the in vivo effects of AFF4 knockdown on melanoma tumorigenesis and its relationship with c-Jun.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of AFF4 expression in melanoma tissue samples.
  • In vitro assays (proliferation, migration, invasion) using A375 and A2058 melanoma cell lines.
  • In vivo xenograft mouse model to evaluate AFF4 knockdown effects.
  • Rescue assays and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to analyze the AFF4-c-Jun correlation.

Main Results:

  • AFF4 expression is upregulated in melanoma tumor tissues and correlates with patient prognosis.
  • AFF4 promotes melanoma cell invasion and migration, potentially by mediating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  • AFF4 regulates c-Jun activity, which is crucial for AFF4-promoted melanoma cell invasion, migration, and in vivo tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • AFF4 is upregulated in melanoma and associated with poor prognosis.
  • AFF4 promotes melanoma progression by enhancing cell invasion and migration, partly through EMT.
  • AFF4 may function as a novel oncogene in melanoma by regulating c-Jun activity.