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The associations of plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid with cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization
Ting Zhang1, Jie V Zhao1, C Mary Schooling2
1School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Insights
Arachidonic acid (AA) is linked to increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) and venous thromboembolism. These associations may be stronger in men than women, highlighting potential sex-specific effects.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Nutritional Science
- Genetics
Background:
- Arachidonic acid (AA), a key n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is implicated in inflammation, coagulation, and testosterone.
- These biological processes may influence atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between genetically predicted plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid (AA) and ASCVD.
- To examine these associations overall and by sex using Mendelian randomization (MR).
Main Methods:
- Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed.
- Eight genetic variants strongly predicting AA were used.
- Genetic association data for ASCVD (IHD, ischaemic stroke, PAD) and other CVD were analyzed from large-scale consortia.
Main Results:
- Genetically predicted AA showed a positive association with ASCVD (OR 1.03 per % increase).
- Associations were observed with IHD, ischaemic stroke, and possibly PAD.
- AA was also associated with venous thromboembolism (OR 1.12).
- Potential stronger associations were noted in men compared to women.
Conclusions:
- Arachidonic acid (AA) is positively associated with ASCVD and venous thromboembolism.
- The findings suggest potentially stronger associations in men than in women.
Background:
Arachidonic acid (AA), a major long-chain n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in animal foods, has been linked to inflammation, coagulation, and testosterone, which might relate to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). We assessed the associations of genetically predicted plasma phospholipid AA with ASCVD and other CVD overall and by sex using Mendelian randomization (MR).
Methods:
We conducted two-sample MR, applying eight genetic variants, independent of a highly pleiotropic variant (rs174547), strongly (p < 5 × 10-8) predicting AA, primarily to summary statistics of genetic associations with ASCVD, including ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 1000 Genomes (60,801 IHD cases, 123,504 controls), MEGASTROKE (34,217 ischaemic stroke cases, 406,111 controls), and Pan-UK Biobank (n=~420,531), and secondarily to genetic associations with other CVD from Pan-UK Biobank, Atrial Fibrillation Consortium, HERMES consortium, and FinnGen. We also assessed sex differences.
Findings:
Genetically predicted AA was associated with ASCVD (odds ratio (OR) per % of total fatty acids increase 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.05) and its subtypes IHD (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.05), ischaemic stroke (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.06) and possibly PAD (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.17), possibly more strongly in men than women. AA was also associated with venous thromboembolism (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.19). A similar pattern was observed when using rs174547 to genetically predict AA.
Interpretation:
Our study suggests positive associations of AA with ASCVD and venous thromboembolism, with possibly stronger associations in men than women.
Funding:
No funding.
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