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Related Concept Videos

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

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Endolysosomal TRPMLs in Cancer.

Mengnan Xu1, Xian-Ping Dong1

  • 1Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.

Biomolecules
|January 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lysosomes are intracellular calcium (Ca2+) stores involved in cell signaling. This review highlights how Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipins (TRPMLs) channels in lysosomes impact cancer development and antitumor immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Lysosomes function as cellular signaling hubs and intracellular calcium (Ca2+) stores.
  • Lysosomal Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is linked to various human diseases, notably cancer.
  • Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipins (TRPMLs, TRPML1-3) are Ca2+-permeable channels regulating cell growth, division, and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest developments regarding TRPMLs in the context of cancer.
  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of TRPMLs in cancer progression and related cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing recent research findings.
  • Analysis of TRPML expression and function in cancer cells.
  • Discussion of TRPMLs' involvement in nutrient sensing, lysosomal exocytosis, and gene transcription (TFEB).
Keywords:
autophagycalciumcancerendolysosomeion channel

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The Microscopy-Based Assay to Study and Analyze the Recycling Endosomes using SNARE Trafficking
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Main Results:

  • TRPML dysregulation is implicated in cancer development.
  • TRPMLs influence cancer cell nutrient sensing and lysosomal exocytosis.
  • TRPMLs play roles in TFEB-mediated transcription, bacteria-related oncogenesis, and antitumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Lysosomal TRPML channels are critical regulators of cancer progression.
  • Understanding TRPMLs offers potential therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases.
  • TRPMLs are emerging targets for modulating antitumor immunity.