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Related Concept Videos

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A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
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Kinetic energy is the ability of an object in motion to do work or enact change. It can take on many forms. For instance, water flowing down a waterfall has kinetic energy. In biological systems, particles of light travel and are absorbed by plants to create chemical energy. Animals consume the chemical energy and give off molecules that carry their scent through the air. They also generate kinetic energy when they run away from predators. Entire systems also possess kinetic energy, like the...
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The kinetic energy of a particle is one-half of the product of the particle’s mass and the square of its speed. Note that just as Newton’s second law can be expressed as either the rate of change of momentum or mass multiplied by the rate of change of velocity, so too can the kinetic energy of a particle be expressed in terms of its mass and momentum, instead of its mass and velocity.
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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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The equilibrium of a two-force body is a particular case that is often encountered in practical applications. A two-force body is a rigid body that is subjected to only two external forces. For such a body to be in equilibrium, the two forces must have the same magnitude, the same line of action, and the opposite direction.
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It’s plausible to suppose that the greater the velocity of a body, the greater effect it could have on other bodies. This does not depend on the direction of the velocity, only its magnitude. At the end of the seventeenth century, a quantity was introduced into mechanics to explain collisions between two perfectly elastic bodies, in which one body makes a head-on collision with an identical body at rest. When they collide, the first body stops, and the second body moves off with the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

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Karanjin.

A Singh1, G Bhatt1, N Gujre2

  • 1Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.

Phytochemistry
|January 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Karanjin, a natural compound from Pongamia pinnata, shows significant anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. This review details its biosynthesis, isolation, and diverse therapeutic and insecticidal applications, highlighting its potential as a novel drug lead.

Keywords:
BiopesticideBiosynthesisFuranoflavonoidIsolationKaranjinLeguminosaeMechanismPharmacological propertiesPongamia pinnata

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Karanjin is a bioactive furanoflavonoid isolated from Pongamia pinnata.
  • It is valued in traditional and modern medicine for its diverse properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess karanjin's biosynthetic pathways and isolation methods.
  • To detail its physiochemical properties, biological effects, and toxicological profile.
  • To explore its potential in medicinal and industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical assessment of existing studies on karanjin.
  • Analysis of biosynthetic pathways and isolation techniques.
  • Compilation of data on biological activities and toxicological studies.

Main Results:

  • Karanjin exhibits anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
  • Toxicological studies confirm karanjin's non-toxicity at physiological conditions.
  • It also possesses insect repellent and insecticidal properties, useful as a bio-insecticide.

Conclusions:

  • Karanjin demonstrates immense potential as a novel drug lead for various medicinal and industrial uses.
  • Further research into its metabolic fate, bioavailability, and cellular effects is warranted.
  • Its natural origin and multifaceted benefits support its exploration for drug development.